These results demonstrated the negative influence of sublethal concentrations of tolfenpyrad on C. Application of sublethal doses to unexposed progeny (F1) of exposed parents, prolonged the L1 (1st instar of larvae) and L2 (2nd instar of larvae) stage, while the total longevity, intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (γ), net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T) were significantly reduced. hm²), developmental time of pupation (0.242 g a.i. The no observed effect application rates (NOERs) of tolfenpyrad on parents (F0) were determined for survival (0.485 g a.i. These data indicated a potential toxicity risk from tolfenpyrad exposure. hm² within a set exposure period, while the hazard quotient (HQ) values were above our threshold value of 2 during the entire observation period.

septempunctata was determined to range from 1.04 to 8.43 g a.i. For sublethal testing of the parent generation, the LR50 of tolfenpyrad for C. septempunctata and its effects on the next generation. septempunctata, we tested the sublethal effects of tolfenpyrad on all developmental stages of the life cycle of C. To evaluate the effects of a potent insecticide, tolfenpyrad, on C. To supplement the activity of biological control agents, IPM programs often incorporate chemical pesticides to bolster crop protection. septempunctata serves as an effective biological control agent in integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Coccinella septempunctata (ladybird) is one of the foremost natural predators that feed on aphids.

Coccinella septempunctata ventral